On the occasion of World Press Freedom Day, the undersigned Yemeni, regional, and international human rights organizations express grave concern about the ongoing deterioration of press and media freedoms in Yemen. Journalists and media workers continue to face systematic repression in areas controlled by both the Houthi rebels and the internationally-recognized government.
These violations include arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance, and unfair trials – punishment for people simply exercising their right to freedom of expression and for criticizing local issues. Yemen remains one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, and violations are routinely carried out with nearly total impunity. We urge all authorities in Yemen to fulfill their obligations under Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Yemen is a state party.
Over more than a decade of conflict, Yemen’s judicial system has increasingly been used to restrict press freedom and silence independent and critical voices. In January 2024, the Primary Court in Ataq sentenced journalist Aziz Al-Ahmadi to four months in prison, suspended, over a social media post that criticized local authorities. Similarly, Awad Kashmim, head of the Freedoms Committee at the Yemeni Journalists Syndicate in Hadramawt, was arbitrarily detained.
In 2024 alone, at least 40 cases of journalists being summoned and interrogated – often based on fabricated charges – were documented. The targeted journalists were referred to courts lacking legal jurisdiction, such as the Specialized Criminal Court in Sana’a, which is normally reserved for terrorism-related cases. Despite the existence of dedicated press and publication courts, many journalists continue to be prosecuted before criminal courts.
In late September 2024, the Houthi-controlled Specialized Criminal Court in Sana’a sentenced journalist Taha Ahmed Rashid Al-Maamari, owner of Yemen Digital Media and Yemen Live for Media Production and Satellite Broadcasting, to death. Human rights lawyers, including Abdulmajid Sabra and Sami Yassin, were also subjected to threats, arbitrary arrests, and unfounded charges of treason.
Since 2022, judicial harassment of journalists has escalated significantly, with an increase in prosecutions for those who criticise public officials. In several cases, courts sentenced three journalists to prison for charges such as “insulting a public employee” and “threatening to disclose confidential information.” In September 2024, coinciding with the 62nd anniversary of the 26 September Revolution, the Houthi group launched a wide-scale campaign of arrests, detaining hundreds, including journalist Mohammed Al-Meyahi, for expressing dissenting views online.
Journalists in Yemen face serious threats and grave violations from all parties in the ongoing conflict, including the internationally-recognized government, the Houthis, and other armed groups. Violations include killings, arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, and torture, all in the absence of effective accountability mechanisms.
Various factions have monopolized media outlets, severely reducing access to independent information sources, criminalizing journalism, and creating an environment of fear and self-censorship. Repeated attacks have rendered journalism in Yemen an extremely dangerous profession. Women journalists face additional threats, including online harassment and organized smear campaigns aimed at silencing their voices and excluding them from the media sphere.
Over the past decade, more than 2,600 violations against journalists have been documented, with the Houthis responsible for the vast majority. At least five journalists remain in arbitrary detention, including Wahid Al-Sufi, forcibly disappeared since 2015, and both Mohammed Al-Meyahi and Naseh Shakir, who remain in conditions amounting to enforced disappearance.
Since 2020, targeted assassinations of journalists have increased. Many have been silenced through murder. The most recent case is the killing of television cameraman Musab AL-Hattami, who was targeted by Houthi forces on Saturday, 26 April, 2025 in Marib while on assignment to produce media content about the ongoing conflict. Other assassinated journalists include Saber Al-Haidari, a correspondent for Japanese TV, killed by an explosive device planted in his car in Aden in June 2022; photojournalist Fawaz Al-Wafi, shot dead in his car in Taiz in March 2022; journalist Rasha Al-Harazi, killed in November 2021; and AFP photographer Nabil Al-Quaety, who was gunned down by unidentified assailants in Aden in June 2020. These crimes persist in the absence of impartial investigations, and with no accountability from any party in Yemen.
The undersigned organizations (27 entities) call on Yemeni authorities to:
• Immediately release all journalists who have completed their sentences and all those arbitrarily detained in violation of their rights to due process and a fair trial.
• Ensure that journalists are tried exclusively before press and publication courts in accordance with Yemen’s international legal obligations.
• Support comprehensive legal reforms to align national laws with international human rights standards and guarantee full protection of freedom of expression and journalists’ safety.
• Launch transparent, independent investigations into all incidents involving the targeting and deliberate killing of journalists.
• Reform the justice system to ensure judicial independence and end the use of the judiciary as a tool to suppress dissenting voices.
• End the judicial harassment of journalists and human rights defenders, and restore the independence of the judiciary.